Understanding Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms, Detection, and Treatment

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, which are the reproductive glands located on either side of the uterus. It is often referred to as the "silent killer" due to its tendency to present with subtle symptoms that are difficult to detect early.

Prevalence and Age

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common gynecological cancer and accounts for about 3% of all cancers in women. It is more commonly diagnosed in women aged 50 to 70, but it can occur at any age. In France, approximately 5,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. They include:

• Persistent bloating

• Abdominal or pelvic pain

• Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly

• Changes in urinary habits (frequent urination)

• Unexplained fatigue and weight loss

These symptoms may not appear until the cancer is advanced. It is important to consult a healthcare provider if these symptoms persist.

Treatment

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Options include:

• Surgery: Often the first step, involving the removal of the ovaries, uterus, and sometimes other nearby organs if necessary.

• Chemotherapy: Used to kill remaining cancer cells after surgery or to treat advanced cancers.

• Radiotherapy: Less commonly used for ovarian cancer but may be applied in specific cases.

• Targeted Therapy and Hormonal Therapy: Depending on the type of cancer and response to initial treatment.

  
  

Early Detection

There is no routine screening test recommended for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women. However, for high-risk women, such as those with a family history or specific genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2), tests like pelvic ultrasounds or specific blood tests may be advised. Early detection through these means can help identify the disease before it progresses.

Link with Breast Cancer

Ovarian cancer and breast cancer can be linked through genetic mutations, specifically BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. These mutations increase the risk of developing both types of cancer. Genetic testing can help assess this risk and guide preventive decisions.

Conclusion

Ovarian cancer is a complex disease that requires careful attention to symptoms and regular medical follow-ups, especially for women at high risk. Understanding early signs, screening for those at risk, and knowing the treatment options can improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.

Feel free to ask any additional questions or request further clarifications if needed.

Best regards,

Dr. Sandra Yene Amougui