STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) – Essential Decoding

Dear Doctor,

I am about to embark on an intimate relationship with my partner. However, I have concerns about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). I would like to know more about the different STIs, their symptoms, and how to prevent them. Is using condoms sufficient? How can I know if someone has an STI?

Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. I want to ensure that I take precautions for my sexual health.

Best regards,

Jeanne*, 19 years old *Name anonymized

Dear Jeanne,

It is entirely normal to have concerns about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) as you consider starting an intimate life with your partner. Understanding STIs, their implications, and how to prevent them is a crucial step in taking care of your sexual health. In this article, we will address all the questions you may have on this subject.

What is an STI?

STIs are infections primarily transmitted through sexual activities, whether vaginal, anal, or oral. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. It is essential to know the different STIs, their symptoms, and their consequences.

• Chlamydia: Commonly caused by bacteria, untreated chlamydia can lead to severe complications, including infertility. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, and burning during urination.

• Gonorrhea: Another bacterial infection, gonorrhea can cause unusual discharge, pain while urinating, and bleeding between periods. Untreated, it can lead to fertility problems.

• Syphilis: Caused by bacteria, syphilis can cause skin lesions, ulcers, and rashes. If untreated, it can affect internal organs and the nervous system.

• Genital Herpes: A viral infection causing painful blisters, genital herpes is incurable but manageable with antiviral medications.

• HIV: A virus attacking the immune system, untreated HIV can lead to AIDS. Initial symptoms may resemble a flu, but regular testing is crucial.

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A common virus, HPV can cause genital warts and, in some cases, increase the risk of cervical cancer in women.

• Trichomoniasis: A parasitic infection, trichomoniasis can cause itching, burning, and abnormal discharge. Untreated, it can lead to complications.

• Hepatitis B: A liver infection, hepatitis B can be sexually transmitted. Screening and vaccination are essential for prevention.

• Hepatitis C: Normally transmitted through blood but can also be transmitted through sexual contact, hepatitis C requires screening and vigilance for prevention.

How to Prevent STIs?

The best way to prevent STIs is to adopt safe sexual practices. Using condoms regularly and correctly can significantly reduce the risk of transmission. It is also essential to openly discuss each other's sexual health history with your partner.

Fertility and STIs

STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can threaten fertility, especially if untreated. Early screening is crucial to identify and treat these infections quickly, reducing the risks of fertility complications. Adopting safe sexual practices, especially the correct and consistent use of condoms, is a key preventive measure. Being informed, getting regular screenings, and consulting a healthcare professional if concerns arise are crucial steps to protect long-term reproductive health.

How to Know if Someone has an STI?

It can sometimes be challenging to determine if someone has an STI, as some infections can be asymptomatic. Regular testing is the key. Encourage each other to get tested before engaging in an exclusive sexual relationship.

In conclusion, it is important to take charge of your sexual health by understanding STIs, their symptoms, and their consequences. Open communication with your partner and safe sexual practices will contribute to creating a healthy and fulfilling relationship.

Remember that healthcare professionals, like gynecologists, are here to answer all your questions and provide the necessary support. Take care of yourself and your health!

Best regards,

Dr. Sandra Yene Amougui